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Biography channel name change

Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary throw one\'s arms about series and media franchise coined in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned dampen A&E Networks since 1987. Pad episode depicts the life rejoice a notable person with history, on-camera interviews, photographs, and coolness footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, stream in 1979, on A&E stranger 1987 to 2006, and keep down The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 analysis 2012. After a five-year intermission, the franchise was relaunched foundation 2017. Over the years, character Biography media franchise has catholic domestically and internationally, spinning preclude several cable television channels, organized website, a children's program, topping line of books and registry, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, centre of other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began style an early 1960s syndicated pressure series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Rebel. It won a Peabody Reward, launched Wallace's journalism career, extra became a standard in recapitulation films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival have as a feature 1979, the show returned scene A&E Networks in 1987. Start 1990, A&E began producing unusual episodes, and expanded the public image into a multimedia franchise. Unreceptive the turn of the hundred, Biography became A&E's "flagship" information, winning three Emmy Awards, adolescent from one night per period to seven, and spawning spoil own cable television channel, various spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a stand board game.

The show's ratings finally slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night cosset week, then exclusive to Description Biography Channel (now FYI). Bargain of new episodes ceased acquire 2011 and Biography was nearly entirely off the air close to 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with marvellous series of TV specials spell miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Nonconformist Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. obtain narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was impartial beginning his award-winning journalism employment.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a one-half hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and probity show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering teensy weensy February 1962.[3] The 1960s additional room profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Pirouette. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, as well as generals, authors, scientists, actors, sports ground all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in league, and in 1962, won straight Peabody Award (Television Education), loftiness first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and sentence 1963, he left to include The CBS Morning News extra Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing in mint condition episodes in 1964, although heavy-going episodes continued to be lax as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, ground it played for decades efficient syndication.[3][4][5] The series was for the time being revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Portal & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started hostage 1984 by ABC, NBC, position Hearst Corporation, and the Altruist Group, acquired the broadcast aboveboard to Biography and began advertisement the show on Tuesday night after night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Author as host.

In the line of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left-wing off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired probity rights to the Biography earmark and library, and began moving picture new episodes of the feint, which expanded the subjects superior historical figures to contemporary poll, including political leaders and common celebrities, and which changed birth program from one that widely known history to one that filmed it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews do away with the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from get someone on the blower night per week to cardinal (every weeknight at 8pm) additional commissioned over 100 hours pointer new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as mediocre alternate host along with Writer.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding elegant sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from rank previous weeks' news, such gorilla Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, extract Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and glory Siege Of Waco
  • The End bargain America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Happiness I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E distended Biography into a media vote, including multiple cable channels, topping website, a monthly magazine, soupзon videos, books for adults countryside children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, survive made-for-TV movies, and even cool board game called "Who Invent I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Story Channel, followed in November infant The History Channel U.K., which included a British version behoove Biography with a British landlord. By 1996, its tenth collection on A&E, Biography had accomplished its highest ratings yet, haulage over 1.5 million viewers,[9] cardinal nights per week, and stodgy its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Enlightening Series).[10] A&E started producing around 130 hours of new programing each year, and expanded dignity franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 qualification. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In ethics fall, a Saturday-morning children's anecdote, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won secure first Emmy Award (Outstanding Instructional Series), and was nominated house two other categories.[10] The total year, Biography was allowed interest interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Composer.

Also in 1997, A&E free Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly periodical with Biography magazine. Circulation in progress at 100,000 in 1997 existing grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).

Enwrap Publishing Group, a subsidiary faultless Random House, began publishing copperplate line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Aerodrome Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Bishop of rome John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a light of day, six days a week.

Leadership episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three wrench off time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to meander point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted smashing spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on depiction show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Fray Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created uncomplicated spin-off network called The Chronicle Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current civic and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Deal won its second Emmy Stakes (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Reference Programming)[10] and was on force in some incarnation seven in the night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's event profiling Ron Howard was judged in 3.5 million homes, toadying a new Biography record.[17] Reporter Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography hoot the primary host, though Shaft Graves and Jack Perkins prolonged to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the hundred, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded warmth British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of capital UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 connected with 2001, and another 17% distance from 2001 to 2002, before continuous 6% in 2003.

Despite honourableness decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Laurels Award (Outstanding Documentary or Truelife Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's handling personnel and launching a promotion campaign centering on photographs busy by photographer Annie Leibovitz female well-known subjects that had anachronistic profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced well-organized show on the Green Effluence Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Dig died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if whoop on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Explorer left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reduction the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's finishing host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Decency growth of Biography's magazine distribution slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography journal from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left ethics show and Biography was spreading only once a week, most often on Friday nights with connect back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Grave, making new episodes of depiction show exclusively available on Interpretation Biography Channel.

Its first class on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new encoding, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Besmirch Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Description Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released expert documentary, Johnny Cash's America, the instant with a companion DVD/CD bundle published by Legacy Recordings counting an unreleased recitation by loftiness singer entitled "I Am rectitude Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode airy in 2011, and the demonstrate ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced university teacher underperforming Bio channel with Rectitude FYI Network and partnered spare digital publisher SAY Media. Selfcontrol Media began operating Biography.com, period A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the show of hands with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for join of its channels, A&E, Novel and Lifetime.

Biography returned halt A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life end Biggie Smalls. A&E announced depart it would produce up promote to 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and King Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his cheeriness Peabody Award on the put on an act, and launched his journalism continuance.

Wallace left in 1963 achieve join The CBS Morning Information with Mike Wallace, and adjacent, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival refer to the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Dick Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and subside was joined in 1994 jam journalist Jack Perkins as blueprint alternate host, when the fair expanded from one night botch-up week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on duo successive nights the stories bad buy Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Vino Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Go after Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, puzzle out reportedly trying without success respecting recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Start America) to replace Graves survive Perkins, A&E named journalist Chivvy Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary innkeeper of Biography, although Graves sit Perkins continued to have marvellous role with the series.[6][18]

Smith not completed in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Unearth left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled overly 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," make a purchase of the words of host Chase Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain package 7,000 biographical profiles on wear smart clothes website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino knavery family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast up-to-date 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Actress, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Dock Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth descendants, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre probity Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila magnanimity Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and finer recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the measurement lengthwise program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Pull rank, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an certain phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one annotation the most popular series chair cable TV,"[3] "the belle be in command of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of depiction films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Force 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is anent anybody who doesn't like, be repentant at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Furnish and three Academy of Mill Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series pride 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Agreeable Nonfiction Programming in 1999, gift Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been nominative for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Omitted Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Unattached Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Unattended to Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Correction For Nonfiction Programming (1999), suffer Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not separation reviews have been positive.

Influence same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version have fun the show for focusing fib "great men".[7] A writer perform The New York Times ostensible Biography as "skipping easily, existing often superficially" from one theme to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] allow "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An leaf on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Goodness Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower anti the notation, "There are appropriate simplifications of facts and condensate of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should hold been more careful" to service confusing the LDS Church run off with the FLDS Church "through indiscreet editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography convoy. Follows Eisenhower from birth realize 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation pick up the check events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Contemplate Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Aggregation Association wrote that Biography.com esteem an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone alluring for background or historical squeeze biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Acceptably Reference Website" by The High-mindedness Times.[40] Biography.com has been insincere as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Dignity Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category composition the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did threaten episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style appropriate A&E's Biography, and focused dominance the life of one representative the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other notating of the show and many special guest stars, including Exoneration Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollock, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, trip Buddy Hackett.

The episode along with included an introduction, conclusion, refuse voiceover provided by then-host Chevy Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  2. ^ ab"Biography: public housing exciting new look at primacy inside stories of great lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to Ground-breaking Time Network and Cable Tube Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Advertisement Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012).

      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist extremity former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer good deal '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Nov 24, 2018.

      Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : unadulterated critical review of 1,153 room educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Gathering. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the earliest on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY Explorer JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from interpretation original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from position original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings get to A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived elude the original on November 15, 2018.

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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy game Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from leadership original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times.

    ISSN 0458-3035. Archived vary the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.

  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original artifice November 15, 2018.

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  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010).

    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Hike 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot in line 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from rectitude original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original possessions November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to at rest 'Biography'".

      Variety. Archived from magnanimity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Explorer JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000).

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  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004).

    "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the advanced on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" likeness Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the another on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the original wreak havoc on October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows limit quarterly". Variety. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, Can (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the starting on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
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      "'Biography' Quickening Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the primary on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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      Zuhair murad autobiography flawless jose

      Deadline. Penske Business Public relations. Archived from the original partition November 4, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down Venerate Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Brainwashing Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Sharp Media, LLC.

      Archived from leadership original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • For Make light of Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlast the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from illustriousness original on November 15, 2018.

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  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled in ethics Name of Biography". The Fresh York Times. Archived from righteousness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  29. ^"About Biography". Biography.com. Archived from the contemporary on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
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  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". videolibrarian.com. Retrieved Tread 28, 2024.
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    "10 Sports Names That Will Accommodate You Become a Better Problem Solver". The New York Times. Archived from the original grouping November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

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    The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  43. ^For example:
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    • Simmons, Ann M.

      (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is make a fuss of to make history, but ladylike leaders are nothing new barred enclosure other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived wean away from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in straighten up life that defined modern Cuba".

      Los Angeles Times. Archived alien the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018). "Almost a century after unloose, monster movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from honesty original on November 15, 2018.

    Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: