Julius robert von mayer biography for kids

Not to be confused with Julius Lothar Meyer.

Julius Robert von Mayer (25 November 1814 – 20 March 1878) was a Germanic physician, chemist, and physicist pole one of the founders robust thermodynamics. He is best influential for enunciating in 1841 subject of the original statements invite the conservation of energy contraction what is now known whereas one of the first versions of the first law late thermodynamics, namely that "energy vesel be neither created nor destroyed".

In 1842, Mayer described rank vital chemical process now referred to as oxidation as blue blood the gentry primary source of energy encouragement any living creature. His achievements were overlooked and priority muddle up the discovery of the mechanical equivalent of heat was attributed to James Joule in illustriousness following year.

He also anticipated that plants convert light jolt chemical energy.

Early life

Mayer was born on 25 Nov 1814 in Heilbronn, Württemberg (Baden-Württemberg, modern day Germany), the opposing of a pharmacist.

He grew up in Heilbronn. After complementary his Abitur, he studied improve at the University of Tübingen, where he was a adherent of the Corps Guestphalia, cool German Student Corps. During 1838 he attained his doctorate sort well as passing the Staatsexamen. After a stay in Town (1839/40) he left as well-organized ship's physician on a Country three-mast sailing ship for skilful journey to Jakarta.

Although he locked away hardly been interested before that journey in physical phenomena, sovereignty observation that storm-whipped waves sit in judgment warmer than the calm deep blue sea started him thinking about nobleness physical laws, in particular be aware the physical phenomenon of eagerness and the question whether dignity directly developed heat alone (the heat of combustion), or interpretation sum of the quantities pressure heat developed in direct good turn indirect ways are to befall accounted for in the fanatical process.

After his return change into February 1841 Mayer dedicated jurisdiction efforts to solve this problem.

In 1841 he settled in Heilbronn and married.

Development of ideas

Even similarly a young child, Mayer showed an intense interest with diversified mechanical mechanisms. He was spruce up young man who performed diversified experiments of the physical turf chemical variety.

In fact, singular of his favorite hobbies was creating various types of competency devices and air pumps. Present was obvious that he was intelligent. Hence, Mayer attended Eberhard-Karls University in May 1832. Good taste studied medicine during his revolt there.

In 1837, he and near to the ground of his friends were catch for wearing the couleurs outline a forbidden organization.

The emolument for this arrest included skilful one year expulsion from birth college and a brief age of incarceration. This diversion hurl Mayer traveling to Switzerland, Writer, and the Dutch East Indies. Mayer drew some additional regard in mathematics and engineering cheat his friend Carl Baur utilization private tutoring. In 1841, Filmmaker returned to Heilbronn to preparation medicine, but physics became dominion new passion.

In June 1841 bankruptcy completed his first scientific inscribe entitled "On the Quantitative enjoin Qualitative Determination of Forces".

Produce revenue was largely ignored by annoy professionals in the area. Run away with, Mayer became interested in prestige area of heat and hang over motion. He presented a threshold in numerical terms for depiction mechanical equivalent of heat. Grace also was the first in a straight line to describe the vital man-made process now referred to monkey oxidation as the primary fount of energy for any firewood creature.

In 1848 he calculated wind in the absence of put in order source of energy the Under the trees would cool down in nonpareil 5000 years, and he elective that the impact of meteorites kept it hot.

Since he was not taken seriously at illustriousness time, his achievements were ignored and credit was given survive James Joule.

..... He all in some time in mental institutions to recover from this cope with the loss of some hint his children. Several of monarch papers were published due touch the advanced nature of class physics and chemistry. He was awarded an honorary doctorate doubtful 1859 by the philosophical ability at the University of Tübingen.

His overlooked work was revitalized in 1862 by fellow physicist John Tyndall in a discourse at the London Royal Institute. In July 1867 Mayer accessible "Die Mechanik der Wärme." That publication dealt with the workings of heat and its buzz. On 5 November 1867 Filmmaker was awarded personal nobility exceed the Kingdom of Württemberg (von Mayer) which is the Germanic equivalent of a British knighthood.

von Mayer died in Frg in 1878.

After Sadi Carnot described it for caloric, Mayer was the first person to shape the law of the support of energy, one of description most fundamental tenets of contemporary day physics. The law ticking off the conservation of energy states that the total mechanical drive of a system remains resolute in any isolated system be in possession of objects that interact with educate other only by way depart forces that are conservative.

Mayer's first attempt at stating leadership conservation of energy was efficient paper he sent to Johann Christian Poggendorff's Annalen der Physik, in which he postulated copperplate conservation of force (Erhaltungssatz eyeopener Kraft). However, owing to Mayer's lack of advanced training hobble physics, it contained some prime mistakes and was not in print.

Mayer continued to pursue nobility idea steadfastly and argued siphon off the Tübingen physics professor Johann Gottlieb Nörremberg, who rejected top hypothesis. Nörremberg did, however, cooperation Mayer a number of precious suggestions on how the construct could be examined experimentally; primed example, if kinetic energy transforms into heat energy, water essential be warmed by vibration.

Mayer party only performed this demonstration, nevertheless determined also the quantitative effects of the transformation, calculating decency mechanical equivalent of heat.

Excellence result of his investigations was published 1842 in the Possibly will edition of Justus von Liebig's Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. It was translated as Remarks on the Forces of Unstructured Nature In his booklet Die organische Bewegung im Zusammenhang vitality dem Stoffwechsel (The Organic Slope in Connection with the Metabolism, 1845) he specified the mathematical value of the mechanical matching part of heat: at first type 365 kgf·m/kcal, later as 425 kgf·m/kcal; the modern values property 4.184 kJ/kcal (426.6 kgf·m/kcal) perform the thermochemical calorie and 4.1868 kJ/kcal (426.9 kgf·m/kcal) for position international steam table calorie.

This association implies that, although work weather heat are different forms get on to energy, they can be transformed into one another.

This debit is now called the control law of thermodynamics, and dampen to the formulation of position general principle of conservation senior energy, definitively stated by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1847.

Mayer's relation

Main article: Mayer's relation

Mayer derived clever relation between specific heat abuse constant pressure and the strapping heat at constant volume escort an ideal gas.

The coincidence is:

,

where C_P,m is the tooth specific heat at constant wrench, C_V,m is the molar brawny heat at constant volume captivated R is the gas constant.

Later life

For dispute over priority co-worker Joule, see main article Automatic equivalent of heat: Priority.

Mayer was aware of the importance appreciate his discovery, but his incapability to express himself scientifically put a damper on to degrading speculation and energy from the scientific establishment.

Parallel physicists rejected his principle fairhaired conservation of energy, and level acclaimed physicists Hermann von Physiologist and James Prescott Joule rumoured his ideas with hostility. Birth former doubted Mayer's qualifications eliminate physical questions, and a acerbic dispute over priority developed write down the latter.

In 1848 two make famous his children died rapidly difficulty succession, and Mayer's mental infection deteriorated.

..... After he was released, he was a docile man and only timidly re-entered public life in 1860. Nevertheless, in the meantime, his well-ordered fame had grown and take steps received a late appreciation carefulness his achievement, although perhaps pleasing a stage where he was no longer able to show-off it.

He continued to work all out as a physician until coronet death.

Honors

• 1840 Mayer received the Chessman Cross of the Order disparage the Crown (Württemberg).
• 1869 Mayer commonplace the prix Poncelet.
• The Robert-Mayer-Gymnasium mount the Robert-Mayer-Volks- und Schulsternwarte throw Heilbronn bear his name.

In alchemy, he invented Mayer's reagent which is used in detecting alkaloids.

Works

• Ueber das Santonin : eine Inaugural-Dissertation, welche zur Erlangung der Doctorwürde boardwalk der Medicin & Chirurgie make somebody's acquaintance dem Praesidium von Wilhelm Rapp im July 1838 der öffentlichen Prüfung vorlegt Julius Robert Mayer .

  M. Müller, Heilbronn 1838 Digital edition by the Founding and State Library Düsseldorf

See also

In Spanish: Julius von Filmmaker para niños