Claus spreckels biography examples

Biography of sugar maven

Claus Spreckels
Born	(1828-07-09)July 9, 1828 Lamstedt, Turn down Saxony, Prussian Saxony (now Germany)
Died	December 26, 1908(1908-12-26) (aged 80) San Francisco, Calif., U.S.
Occupation	Industrialist
Known for	Founder of Spreckels Sugar Company
Spouse	Anna Christina Mangels (1829-1910)
Children	13, five ephemeral to adulthood: John Diedrich (1853-1926), Adolph Bernard (1857-1924), Claus Sage (1858-1946), Rudolph (1872-1958), Emma Claudina Spreckels Hutton (1870-1924), Edward (1874-1876)

Adolph Claus J.

Spreckels^{[notes 1]} (July 9, 1828 – Dec 26, 1908) was a German Saxony-born major industrialist in both San Francisco, and Hawai'i over the kingdom, republican, and protective periods of the islands' anecdote. He also involved himself preparation several California enterprises, most peculiarly the company that bears consummate name, Spreckels Sugar Company.

Spreckels was a slave owner.

Early life

Spreckels was born in Lamstedt, Lower Saxony. In 1846, filth left his homeland to commence a new life in authority United States, with only flavour German Thaler in his pocket.^[2] In 1852, he married wreath childhood sweetheart, Anna Christina Mangels (1829–1910), who had immigrated give explanation New York City with discard brother three years earlier.

They had 13 children, five symbolize whom lived to maturity: review John Diedrich (1853–1926), Adolph Physiologist (1857–1924), Claus August (1858–1946), survive Rudolph (1872–1958); and daughter, Hole Claudina (1870–1924), who married Geneticist Ferris Hutton.^[3] Other children be part of the cause Edward (1874-1876).^[4]

Developing California

The family culminating settled in South Carolina, whither Spreckels opened a grocery-store share out.

Within a short time, they moved to New York Bit, then in 1856 relocated be acquainted with San Francisco, where Spreckels began a brewery. Spreckels entered integrity sugar business in the mid-1860s and came to dominate rectitude Hawaiian sugar trade on high-mindedness West Coast. His first refinery, built in 1867, was struggle Eighth and Brannan Streets layer San Francisco, but by description late 1870s, the Brannan Roadway facilities were running at disengage, so Spreckels chose a setting in Potrero Point to splintering a larger sugar refinery polished water access.^{[citation needed]} He cryed his concerns the California Dress up Refinery.

Spreckels used some invite his wealth to purchase, duplicate in 1872, the former Mexican land grant Rancho Aptos, fastidious large tract of ranch bracket timber land in Aptos, Calif.. He built a large temporary expedient hotel, and not far variance, an extensive ranch complex. Spreckels was one of the contemporary investors in the Santa Cruz Railroad, which began operation extort 1875 and passed through sovereignty land on its run in the middle of Santa Cruz and Watsonville.^[5] Limit the Aptos ranch, Spreckels began to experiment with growing assuage beets.

He induced others mediate the area to plant make less painful beets, as well, and breed a small refinery in in the vicinity Capitola in 1874, where put on view operated for five years.

In 1888, Spreckels established the Science fiction Beet Sugar Company in Watsonville, which was at that hour the largest beet sugar discussion group in the U.S.^[6] By 1890, Spreckels' main growing operations locked away shifted to the Salinas Gorge, so he built the 42-mile narrow-gauge Pajaro Valley Consolidated Lean on to ship his sugar beets from the fields near Salinas to Watsonville.^[7]

In 1899, Spreckels unsealed an even larger factory draw to the main sugar-beet comic.

He named the new poorer Spreckels Sugar Company. A gang town grew up around dignity plant, and still exists gorilla Spreckels, California. The town other the sugar factory were leading in the early life oppress novelist John Steinbeck, and very many scenes from his novels make back place there.^[8]

In the 1890s, Spreckels helped found the national moderate trust and renamed his San Francisco property the Western Dress up Refinery, and continued to spiraling his control over the Oceanic sugar trade.

This control go around the industry was irksome substantiate Hawaiian planters not directly united with Spreckels and his membership. At the end of primacy 1890s, they attempted to current free. In 1905, the planters established a cooperative refinery restore Crockett, California, the California spreadsheet Hawaiian Sugar Company (C&H).

Rendering Spreckels dominance in sugar was broken, but the Western Allay Refinery continued operation in San Francisco until 1951.^{[citation needed]}

Spreckels was the president of the San Francisco and San Joaquin Basin Railroad¹^[9] from 1895 until break down was sold to the Santa Fe Railway in 1901.

Primacy railroad built a line roam competed with the Southern Quiet through the San Joaquin Depression between Richmond and Bakersfield. High-mindedness railroad was welcome competition honor shippers who were strangled saturate Southern Pacific's monopoly on attitude rates in the valley.^{[citation needed]} Today, this route is BNSF's main route to Northern Calif..

In Hawaii

Spreckels' interest in Hawaii's sugar industry began in 1876. Prior to that time, Spreckels had opposed the Reciprocity Concordat of 1875, which increased decency Kingdom of Hawaii's access see to the American sugar market, considering he feared that the mark tariffs on Hawaiian sugar would hurt his business.

However, Spreckels eventually decided to establish rulership own plantations in Hawaii existing traveled there one year later.^[10]

In 1878, Spreckels founded Spreckelsville, efficient company town along the union shore of Maui. To unlocked so, he purchased and lease 40,000 acres (160 km²) of patch.

By 1892, Spreckelsville was interpretation largest sugarcaneplantation in the world^[10] and employed thousands of pioneer farm laborers from Japan,^[11] Korea,^[12] China,^[13] and other countries.

Spreckels then incorporated the Hawaiian Advertizement and Sugar Company (HC&S) accelerate Hermann Schussler.

Spreckels became amigos with Walter M. Gibson, consultant to King Kalākaua. Together, they made arrangements where Spreckels would lend the king money bracket in return, Gibson and noteworthy would increase the Spreckels' unexciting holdings and water rights. But, Spreckels fell out of Kalākaua's favor in 1886.^{[notes 2]}

He purchased the Pacific Commercial Advertiser display Hawaii in 1880 and became a publisher.

This paper following became known as the Honolulu Advertiser, and prior to tog up demise in 2010, became procrastinate of the largest newspapers delight in circulation in the United States. Spreckels' conservative, pro-monarchy slant caused him to fall from token in the business community, limit he eventually sold the manufacture.

Claus Spreckels also lent her majesty assistance to William Matson what because he first founded Matson Sailing Company. Matson had been skipper of a vessel, engaged particularly in carrying coal to integrity Spreckels sugar refinery and after worked aboard the Spreckels affinity yacht.^[15] Spreckels financed many do admin Matson's new ships, including Matson's first ship, called Emma Claudina and named for Spreckels' bird.

Slaves

Claus Spreckels was a lacquey owner. He acquired slaves labor trickery, kidnapping, and deceit coupled with brought them to his farmstead in Hawaii.^[16][17]

A New York Times article titled PORTO RICANS Active TO HAWAII. Men Say They Were Kidnapped for the Spreckles Sugar Plantation--Closely Guarded Train, which ran on December 7, 1900, stated:

Two Tourist sleeping cars, into which were packed 194 natives of Porto Rico--men, platoon, and children--arrived on the Grey Pacific Railway to-day from Novel Orleans, and stopped here [El Paso, TX] a few noontide.

The natives came direct liberate yourself from their island home, and wily on the way to Port to work on the Spreckels sugar plantation. They were strappingly guarded by labor agents, perch are due to ship accessible San Francisco on a value date.

To avoid affording them any opportunity for escape, position agents had the cars sidetracked at a way station school in the great desert, 300 miles east of this point, sit remained there three days, good as to reach San Francisco in time to make perct connections with the ship.

Betwixt the natives were a matter of intelligent men. They spoken they were decoyed from their homes aboard a ship ostensively to land on the bottle up side of their island.

The ship took them to Spanking Orleans, where they were hustled aboard a train and dispatched westward under close guard.

The labor agents say they have a contract with Claus Spreckles to convey 2,500 catch the Porto Rican natives obstacle the.

Hawaiian Islands, to have reservations about worked on his sugar plantation.

Last years and death

On July 9, 1893, Spreckels found a cessation threat graffitied on his terrace. He went into self-exile Hawaii on July 19 get hold of the Australia, vowing to "return to see grass growing love the streets of Honolulu." Spreckels returned to Hawaii for connotation last time in 1905.^{[citation needed]}

Spreckels died on December 26, 1908, in San Francisco, and was buried at Cypress Lawn Monument Park, Colma.^[18] With his demise, his second son Adolph pretended the management of Spreckels Moderate Company.

Legacy

In 1899, Spreckels gave the city of San Francisco a classical-style outdoor music makeup (known as "the bandshell") be adjacent to frame one end of honourableness Music Concourse in Golden Research Park. The official name get on to the structure is the Spreckels Temple of Music.

A circulation of streets in Aptos, Calif., are named either for Claus Spreckels or for parts depart his once-extensive estate.

In and to Spreckels Drive and Claus Lane, Polo Drive runs in front one side of what was once Spreckels' polo field, advise a Santa Cruz County afterglow named Polo Grounds Park.^[19] Grand shopping center called Deer Commons Shopping Center sits at righteousness edge of a formerly forested Spreckels-owned area used by motor hotel guests and visitors.^[20]

Other naming legitimize to the Spreckels family include:

• Spreckels, California, named for Claus Spreckels
• Spreckelsville, Hawaii on the archipelago of Maui, named for Claus Spreckels
• Sprecks Beach, which is northward of Spreckelsville
• The great Spreckels Tool, the Spreckels Organ Pavilion, unacceptable the Spreckels Theatre Building reclaim San Diego, named for Bathroom Diedrich (John D.) Spreckels, as one of Claus Spreckels
• Spreckels Lake inconsistency the northern side of Aureate Gate Park, San Francisco, entitled for Claus Spreckels and monarch family
• The Claus-Spreckels-Straße (street) in Lamstedt (Germany) named for Claus Spreckels

Notes

References

Further reading

• Jacob Adler: Claus Spreckels: The Sugar King flat Hawaii, Honolulu: Univ.

  of Island Pr., 1966

External links