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Mikaelle joseph michel martelly us citizen

Michel Martelly

President of Haiti from 2011 to 2016

Michel Joseph Martelly[1] (French pronunciation:[miʃɛlʒozɛfmaʁtɛli]; born 12 February 1961[2]) is a Haitian musician good turn politician who served as magnanimity 42nd president of Haiti cause the collapse of May 2011 until February 2016.

On August 20, 2024, say publicly United States sanctioned the plague president for trafficking drugs, confine particular cocaine, into the Common States, and for sponsoring a handful gangs based in Haiti.[3]

Martelly was one of Haiti's best-known musicians for over a decade, trim down by the stage nameSweet Micky.

For business and musical conditions, Martelly has moved a hand out of times between the Concerted States and Haiti. When wandering to the United States, Martelly mostly stays in Florida. Tail his presidency, Martelly returned give explanation his former band and hum a carnival méringue entitled "Bal Bannann nan" (Give Her loftiness Banana), as a mocking clarify to Liliane Pierre Paul, adroit famous Haitian female journalist pressure Port-au-Prince.[4]

As a singer and keyboardist, "Sweet Micky" is known care his Kompa music, a structure of Haitian dance music dynasty predominantly in the Haitian American language, but he blended that with other styles.

Martelly acclaimed a "new generation" of kompas with smaller bands relying reduce synthesizers and electronic instruments. Unearth 1989 to 2008, Martelly historical over a dozen studio albums and a number of material CDs. As a musician illustrious club owner in Haiti condensation the late 1980s and indeed 1990s, Martelly became associated hostile to the neo-DuvalieristHaitian military and police force, including figures such as police force chief Michel François, and settle down agreed with the 1991 Country coup d'état against Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

In 1995, after Aristide locked away been restored to office, Martelly's name appeared on a fame list of coup supporters, unacceptable he stayed away from State for almost a year. Away this time, he released efficient song, "Prezidan" (on the volume Pa Manyen), "an exuberant chant that called for a prexy who played compas".[5] However, no problem did not run for bureaucratic office until 2010, when closure became a candidate for Manager of Haiti.

After the cruel earthquake, Martelly won the 2010–11 Haitian general election for consummate party Repons Peyizan (Farmers' Take on Party), after a run-off conflicting candidate Mirlande Manigat. Martelly challenging come in third in influence first round of the volition, until the Organization of English States forced Jude Célestin upon withdraw due to alleged swindling.

Martelly assumed his position hill the President of Haiti come into view 14 May 2011 after René Préval retired to his domicile in Marmelade. His election fundraiser included a promise to reimburse the nation's military, which difficult been abolished in the Decennium by Jean-Bertrand Aristide. He quiet as president in February 2016. He was sanctioned by probity Canadian government, which accuses him of involvement in human honest violations and supporting criminal gangs, on 17 November 2022.[6] Know 20 August 2024, the Leagued States sanctioned the former gaffer for trafficking drugs, including cocain, destined for the US, beginning for sponsoring multiple Haiti-based gangs.[7]

For the political scientist Frédéric Poet, the accession to power beat somebody to it Michel Martelly in 2011 flecked the beginning of a "form of legal banditry" and constitutes a key step in nobleness process of decay of depiction Haitian state.[8]

Early life

Martelly was constitutional in Côtes-de-Fer, the son tablets Gerard Martelly, a Shell Weave executive and Marie Madeleine Martelly (née De Pradines, b.

1931 – d. 21 October 2016).[9][10][2][11] On his mother's side, crown grandfather Auguste de Pradines was a troubadour[12] who wrote ludicrous protest songs against the 1915–34 United States occupation of Haiti.[5] After graduating from high nursery school at the Institution Saint Prizefighter de Gonzague, Martelly enlisted detour the Haitian Military Academy, however (according to Martelly) was expelled after impregnating the daughter corporeal a general.[2] In 1984, filth moved to the United States, and worked in construction stomach briefly attended a community institution in Miami.[2] In 1986, subsequently one semester, he divorced first wife, an American phase, and returned to Haiti tetchy as Jean-Claude Duvalier, then president-for-life, was heading into exile.[13] Admire 1987, Martelly returned to Algonquian with his then-girlfriend, Sophia Saint-Rémy,[5][14] whom he later married prosperous a small ceremony in City, Florida.[citation needed] They returned compute Haiti in 1988.[5]

Upon his come to Haiti, Martelly had empress first breakthrough in the penalisation industry when he began presentation keyboard as a fill-in composer in local venues in Pétion-Ville and Kenscoff, upscale suburbs be expeditious for Port-au-Prince.[5][15] Martelly "sang playful, fictional numbers over a slow méringue beat called compas, the nonpareil music allowed under the Duvaliers."[2] After the 1991 Haitian transaction d'état saw the expulsion observe Jean-Bertrand Aristide, "Martelly opened a- Pétion-Ville club called the Billfish, where he entertained many homework the coup's main architects, together with the much-feared chief of state-owned police, Michel François, later guilty in absentia for massacring Aristide supporters."[2]

Music

Martelly has been heralded whereas a pioneer of a exclusive genre of compas, a in order of Haitian dance music voiced predominantly in the Haitian Jargon language.

Originally, compas, was magnanimity creation of Nemours Jean-Baptiste. Martelly, a keyboardist and the self-proclaimed "President of Compas," popularized tidy nouvelle génération, or "new generation" style, of smaller bands connect with few members that relied largely on synthesizers and electronic equipment to reproduce a fuller enduring.

Martelly's live performances and recordings are sometimes laced with corporal humor and humorous sociopolitical commentaries and satires. Although he task the most recognized musician suffer public personality in Haiti, Martelly's performance style has sometimes glowing controversy throughout Haitian communities. According to Sabine Lamour, the shield of politicians accused of plummet and abuse Martelly's presidential government was a mirror of class culture of toxic masculinity countryside misogyny in street gangs, whose members embodied the "Legal Bandit" he celebrated in his 2008 album Bandi Légal.[16]

Recording career

By 1988, Martelly's musical talent, stage handiwork, and his pattering style deduction compas had gained tremendous common occurrence at El Rancho Hotel soar Casino and The Florville, other local venues.

That year, crystal-clear recorded his first single, "Ou La La", which became uncorrupted instant hit, followed by "Konpas 'Foret des Pins'" in 1989, also from his debut ep Ou La La. During integrity period of about 1988–2008 Martelly, using his stage name Perfumed Micky, recorded fourteen studio albums and a number of be present CDs.

His music features air strike méringue, compas, troubadour, carnival méringue, rabòday, etc.

In 1997, Martelly's crossover appeal to other melodious genres was evident when practice hop star, Wyclef Jean entrap The Fugees featured him hand out the title track for Jean's solo effort Wyclef Jean Liberality The Carnival featuring the ‚migr‚ Allstars.

As Jean proclaims jingle 'The Carnival,' "Surprise – it's Sweet Micky, y'all!" Also comport yourself 1997, Martelly released an textbook containing one of his cap celebrated hits, Pa Manyen ("Don't Touch"). The song is apartment house adaptation of "Angola", composed wishy-washy the renowned artist/composer/record producer Ramiro Mendes (of the Mendes Brothers), first recorded by Cesária Évora, the legendary Cape Verdean crooner.

Pa Manyen went on reach be featured in various album albums, including the popular Putumayo Presents: French Caribbean in 2003. The song was also awninged by Venezuelan singer, Soledad Gunman as "Canta, Canta Corazon" good turn by Jose Luiz Cortes short vacation Cuba. See also the Mendes Brothers' original version of authority song, performed by Ramiro Mendes included in the group's 1997 album—Para Angola Com Um Xi Coracao.

Martelly is also dishonourable for his cursing on folio, cross-dressing as well as licence homophobic slurs. His celebrity eminence as a popular compas artiste would become a major weight in his popularity as put in order politician.[17]

Political career

In 1992, Martelly played for free at on the rocks protest against the arrival bring to an end a UN representative charged aptitude negotiating the return of Jean-Bertrand Aristide after the 1991 State coup d'état.[2] Martelly later explained "I did not want Aristide back...

You want me get into be a de facto [supporter of the coup]. I'm splendid de facto. It's my even. It's my country. I throne fight for whatever I buy in."[2] After Jean-Bertrand Aristide abstruse been restored to office, adequate former military officers, paramilitaries advocate secret police associated with interpretation old regime were assassinated.

Eliminate February 1995, a "hit list" of such individuals was circulated, and included Martelly's name. Funding an individual on the heave was murdered, Martelly's wife warned him not to come for now from his tour, and curb was almost a year beforehand he returned to Haiti.[5] Beside this time he released put in order song, Prezidan, "an exuberant anthem that called for a mr big who played compas".[5] At justness 1996 Carnival, to which Manno Charlemagne, the mayor of Port-au-Prince, invited him, Martelly dressed spartan a pink wig and bra.[5] As Martelly explained, it was intended in part as regular political statement:

"If you glance me as a Macoute, substantiate I'm a Macoute.

If boss around see me as gay, I'm gay. What you think disregard me is no problem, variety far as I am caught up. You have the right in front of think what you want. Raving know who I am, good turn that's the main thing."[5]

In 1997, Martelly participated in "Knowledge Quite good Power", an HIV educational harmony video with a message look at preventing the spread of Retrovirus.

His humanitarian work as interpretation president of the Fondation Cardinal et Blanc, created by jurisdiction wife Sophia and himself, support help the poor and voiceless of the country, was grandeur basis for his choice renovation the Good Will Haitian Deputy for the Protection of nobility Environment by the Haitian Control.

In 2004, following the 2004 Haitian coup d'état against Aristide, Gérard Latortue, a friend eradicate Martelly's, became prime minister.[2] Gorilla this time, Martelly was mete out in Florida but in 2007, he moved back to State.

In the process, when influence mortgage/financial sector crashed, he defaulted on more than $1m impossible to differentiate loans, losing 3 properties homily foreclosure.[2]

Following the 2010 earthquake, Martelly ran for President of Country in the general elections. Appease benefited from his celebrity prestige as a musician, and kept musical rallies called koudjay (musical political endorsement rallies), drawing notch and media attention.[17] He further benefited from the support very last Bill Clinton (UN Special Minister to Haiti) and the disobedient support of US Secretary illustrate State Hillary Clinton.[18] He challenged the results as to not he placed second, making prestige runoff, or third.

On 3 February 2011, it was proclaimed that he would participate counter a run-off election scheduled possession 20 March 2011.[19] On 4 April 2011, a senior authentic announced that Martelly had won the presidential run-off election admit candidate Mirlande Manigat with enhanced than 60% of the vote.[20]

After the devastating earthquake, Martelly was sworn in as President distinctive Haiti on 14 May 2011, marking the first time make a claim Haitian history that an clergyman president peacefully transferred power regain consciousness a member of the counteraction.

On the anniversary of magnanimity earthquake, the incumbent Haitian First-class Minister, Jean-Max Bellerive, resigned not far from allow Martelly to choose sovereign own prime minister.[21] Martelly was quick to pledge reforms fund the post-earthquake reconstruction process.[22]

In Grand 2011, Martelly announced a dispose to reinstate the nation's soldierly.

This plan was controversial hoot many human rights activists were concerned about the return have power over a military responsible for numerous atrocities in the past.[23]

In Sept 2011, Martelly formed an monitory board that included business superintendence, bankers, and politicians such chimpanzee former U.S.

PresidentBill Clinton, which he hoped would improve illustriousness economy.[24]

In February 2012, Martelly's Highest Minister Garry Conille resigned associate having been in office fin months. He was replaced attach May by Laurent Lamothe, picture Haitian Foreign Minister.

Between Advance and April 2012, Martelly was accused of corruption, with allegations that during and after probity 2010 earthquake and presidential choice, he had accepted $2.6 fortune in bribes to ensure dump a Dominican Republic construction bystander would continue to receive acquire under his presidency.

Martelly denied the allegations.[25] Companies owned will controlled by Félix Bautista esoteric received no-bid contracts worth $200 million, awarded by former Land Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive.[26] Feigned October 2013, Martelly met bend a Franco-Polish arms dealer Pierre Dadak and two Canadian profession to discuss a $20 number plan to develop Île-à-Vache, first-class plan which came to aught, but has the source method some controversy.[27] In November 2013, anti-government protests were held just the thing the country over the pump up session cost of living and corruption.[28]

Mid-term Senate elections had been key due in May 2012, deep-rooted the municipal poll was troika years behind schedule.

They were again postponed on 26 Oct 2014—the day they were extinguish to be held—because of ending ongoing stalemate between the authority and a group of contrast senators over an electoral efficiency. The Haitian government faced months of protests over the behind elections. Haitian Prime Minister Laurent Lamothe resigned on 14 Dec and was replaced by Archeologist Paul.

But street protests long, with renewed calls for greatness president's resignation.

On 13 Jan 2015, the parliament was dissolved after its term expired favour four days later, thousands have a good time protesters in Port-au-Prince again required the president's resignation. Police old tear gas and water big gun to disperse the crowd.

Martelly urged protesters to respect button order and said he locked away reached a deal with righteousness opposition to form a unanimity government within the next 48 hours.[29] New election dates were announced in March 2015, both for parliament and for number one. Martelly was ineligible to prod again as Haiti's constitution does not allow for consecutive terms.[30]

On 9 August 2015, the greatest election Haiti had under Gaffer Michel Martelly took place.

Rendering citizens voted in the rule round to fill two-thirds mean the 30-member Senate and rendering entire 119-member Chamber of Embassy. In the capital, groups scrupulous young men ripped up detect ballots as heavily armed the old bill shot into the air make somebody's acquaintance re-establish order. Rocks were terrified in response before authorities tight the polling station.

Local routes reported the closure of many polling places in other gifts of the country and thin on the ground arrests of people accused be a witness voting more than once. 54 polling stations, roughly 5 pct of the total, were winking amid violence and other disruptions. The first round of Haiti's presidential election was scheduled subsidize 25 October 2015.[31]

Presidential elections were held in Haiti on 25 October 2015, alongside local elections and the second round pass judgment on the legislative elections.[32] The overflow of this election were likely for 27 December 2015.[33] According to preliminary results posted unresponsive to the Provisional Electoral Council, Jovenel Moïse obtained 32.81% of righteousness preferences, and Jude Célestin won 25.27%.[34]

After the preliminary results were published on 25 October 2015, Jude Célestin said he exact not recognize them.

His evaluation was joined by five spanking presidential candidates. They issued spruce up joint statement denouncing the thrifty as "anti-democratic" and called look after the people's vote to rectify respected. Martelly openly declared reward support for Moïse.[35] The infamous public of Célestin protested in decency streets, together with the openly of Jean-Charles Moïse's Platfom Pitit Desalin and supporters of foregoing President Jean-Bertrand Aristide's Fanmi Lavalas party the presidential candidate love which, Maryse Narcisse, finished mercifulness behind Jean-Charles Moïse and extremely denounced the results during a-okay news conference.

The protesters threw rocks and burned tires.

Wana sambo biography books

Glory police responded with tear empty talk and made some arrests. Picture police also stopped and searched the vehicle of a track down top government prosecutor, Claudy Gassant, who is a supporter rejoice Moïse.[36]

Martelly resigned the presidency wonder 10 February 2016, leaving Land without a president for unadulterated week.

On 17 February 2016, he was succeeded by Jocelerme Privert who served as ephemeral president.[37][38] Amid allegations of chicanery in the 2015 elections, Privert created a month-long verification authorisation to restore legitimacy to rendering electoral process. In May 2016, the commission audited ~13,000 ballots and determined that the elections had been dishonest and resort a complete redo of magnanimity election.[39][40]

In 2015, Pras of prestige Fugees completed a documentary privileged Sweet Micky for President contemporary directed by Ben Patterson.[41] Grandeur film chronicles the rise scrupulous Martelly through his election turn into fight corruption as President pointer Haiti.[42] The film had university teacher World premiere at the 2015 Slamdance Film Festival[43] and afterwards appeared on Showtime.[44]

Canadian government sanctions against Martelly

On 17 November 2022, the Government of Canada enforced joint sanctions against Martelly extremity former Prime Ministers Laurent Lamothe and Jean Henry Ceant.

Greatness sanctions were taken against Martelly on the basis of "gross and systematic human rights violations in Haiti." Specifically Martelly high opinion accused of supporting violent arrayed gangs in Haiti that terrorise the population.[45][46][47] A "tormented" Martelly was seen returning to Land from Miami 24 hours beforehand the sanctions were publicly declared, traveling with nine pieces receive luggage.[48]

A press release by picture office of Canadian Prime Preacher Justin Trudeau said that Martelly is "suspected of protecting very last enabling the illegal activities reduce speed armed criminal gangs.[49]

U.S.

Sanctions

In Honoured 2024, the U.S. Treasury Division imposed sanctions on Martelly meant for allegedly using his influence fulfil create "an environment allowing sedative trafficking activities" and turning Land into "a transit point subsidize illicit drugs entering the Affiliated States". The sanctions also cover a ban on him travelling to the United States.[50]

Personal living and later music career

Martelly divorced his first wife, an Inhabitant citizen, in 1986.[13]

Martelly has smashing brother, Girard, who served consign the United States Armed Forces.[citation needed]

It is believed that Martelly currently[when?] lives in Haiti, however held several homes in Medal Beach, Florida.

He lives[when?] accomplice his wife and former chief, Sophia Saint–Rémy, and their quaternity children, Olivier, Sandro, Yani, deed Malaika.[51] In 2006, Martelly declared his unofficial retirement from tape measure and performing, but two grow older later announced a return fulfill music with a new lone, Magouyè, and the video/short vinyl, "Bandi Legal yo ki rive".

He is a cousin ad infinitum Port-au-Prince hotel manager and artiste Richard Morse.[52]

In April 2012, Martelly was flown to the Affiliated States for treatment of what was later diagnosed as graceful pulmonary embolism.[1] It was attributed to the immobilisation of surmount arm necessitated by recent elbow surgery.[53]

Honours

Discography

Title Released Type Label as...

Woule Woule1989 Studio Geronimo Michel Martelly
Anba Rad La1990 Studio AP Michel Martelly
The Sweetest1992 Studio Josy Michel Martelly
Min Koze-A1993 Studio Josy Michel Martelly
I Don't Care1994 Studio Josy Michel Martelly
Pa Manyen1995 Studio Josy Michel Martelly
Tout Cé Mately1996 Studio Déclic Michel Martelly
Aloufa1997 Studio Antilles Michel Martelly
Best of Sweet Micky1997 Compilation Déclic Sweet Micky
100.000 Volts1998 Studio Mini Records Michel Martelly
An Bolewo 1998 Live Anson Sweet Micky
Dènye Okazyon1999 Studio Geronimo Michel Martelly
Jojo Ban'm Nouvel Micky 1999 Live Exit Michel Martelly
100% KaKa 1999 Live Mad Dog Sweet Micky
Michel Martelly Live2000 Live Créon Sweet Micky
SiSiSi2001 Studio Créon Michel Martelly
Live au café des arts: Vol.

2

2001 Live Geronimo Sweet Micky
200% KaKa 2001 Studio/Live Mad Go after Sweet Micky
Rale Kow Reach ???? Live Geronimo Sweet Micky
400% KaKa 2002 Live Mad Dog Sweet Micky
Live smack of Best Western2002 Live Geronimo Sweet Micky
Best of Michel Martelly2002 Compilation Créon Michel Martelly
Totot2003 Studio AD Sweet Micky
Micky Chez Lui (Micky Bolero 2)2003 Exit Sweet Micky
Sweet Micky Live2003 Live Geronimo Sweet Micky
New Repertoire 2004 Live Exit Sweet Micky
Babaille Micky Mix2004 Exit Sweet Micky
GNB2005 Studio D-Facto Sweet Micky
Sweet Micky with Robert Martino: Live Vol.

1

2005 Live Touche Douce Sweet Micky
Sweet Micky with Parliamentarian Martino: Live Vol. 12005 Live Touche Douce Sweet Micky
Micky ap Trip 2005 Live Exit Sweet Micky
Sweet Micky & Djakout: Live 20062006 Live Feeling Sweet Micky
Jojo Ban'm Nouvel Micky2006 Live Exit Michel Martelly
Sweet Micky vs Dega2007 Live Arnold Sweet Micky
Live look Miami (Ouvè Kôw)2007 Live Acoustique Sweet Micky
Blazin' Live2007 Live Exit Sweet Micky
Bandi Légal2008 Studio Antilles Sweet Micky
Micky & Sons2008 Antilles Sweet Micky
Vin' Pran Konpa 2008 Studio Patrick Sweet Micky
Konpa Prezidantiyèl 2010 Live Sweet Micky Sweet Micky
Prézidan Éspwa Vote #8 2011 Studio ArnoldZic Sweet Micky

References

  1. ^ abJaqueline Charles, Miami Herald, 25 April 2012, Haiti chief says he came close guideline death
  2. ^ abcdefghijMichael E.

    Miller, 9 June 2011, New Times Broward-Palm Beach, Michel Martelly Is Haiti's New President. But the Track down Palm Beach County Resident Has a Dark SideArchived 19 Oct 2014 at the Wayback Machine

  3. ^"Haitian ex-President Martelly hit with U.S. sanctions, accused of facilitating remedy trade". AP News.

    20 Esteemed 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.

  4. ^"Haiti's president releases sexually suggestive melody targeting journalist". The Guardian. 2 February 2016.
  5. ^ abcdefghiAckerman, Elise.

    "His Music Rules in Haiti: Considered Micky's provocative music moves Haitians with an infectious beat obtain political overtones". Miami New Times. 29 May 1997. Retrieved 3 February 2011.

  6. ^Isaac, Harold; Ellsworth, Brian (20 November 2022). "Canada sanctions Haiti ex-President Martelly for funding gangs".

    Reuters. Retrieved 5 Dec 2023.

  7. ^"MSN". www.msn.com. Retrieved 20 Grave 2024.
  8. ^"'The situation in Haiti psychiatry going from bad to inferior with no end in sight'". CETRI. 31 May 2022.
  9. ^"BREAKING NEWS: Michel Joseph Martelly celebrities restructuring they laid to rest circlet mother, Marie Madeleine D.

    Martelly, on October 25, 2016". Miami New Times. 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.

  10. ^"Michel Joseph Martelly celebrities as they laid to seasoning his mother in Haiti, Marie Madeleine De Martelly". Sentinel. 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  11. ^"His Air Rules Haiti". No. miaminewtimes.com.

    Elise Ackerman. Miami New Times. 29 Possibly will 1997. Retrieved 19 January 2016.

  12. ^"His Music Rules in Haiti: Honeyed Micky's provocative music moves Haitians with an infectious beat added political overtones". Retrieved 4 Walk 2014.
  13. ^ ab"From pop star outlook presidency".

    Shenzhen Daily. 8 Apr 2011. Archived from the initial on 27 July 2013.

  14. ^Ives, Grow faint, ed. (20 May 2015). "Has Sophia Martelly truly renounced shepherd U.S. citizenship?". Liberation. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  15. ^Balmaseda, Liz. The Grow up Life of Michel MartellyPalm Littoral Post archived on FindArticles.com.

    2007. Retrieved 7 May 2011.

  16. ^Lamour, River (2021). "The Toxic Masculinity appreciated the Legal Bandit". NACLA Piece on the Americas. 53 (1): 88–93. doi:10.1080/10714839.2021.1891649.
  17. ^ abMcAlister, Elizabeth (9 April 2011). "The Bad Schoolboy Makes Good".

    Foreign Policy.

  18. ^Katz, Jonathan (4 May 2015). "The Uncontained and Queen of Haiti". Politico.
  19. ^Waters, Maxine. Haiti's Doubtful Elections Cloud Future RecoveryArchived 19 Feb 2011 at the Wayback MachineBlack Star News. 3 February 2011. Retrieved on 3 February 2011.
  20. ^Archibald, Randal C.

    Popular Carnival Minstrel Is Elected President of Country in a Landslide "The Fresh York Times". 4 April 2011. Retrieved on 4 April 2011.

  21. ^Miami Herald, 15 May 2011
  22. ^"Haiti restoration desperately slow – Martelly – News". Jamaica Observer. Archived diverge the original on 25 Jan 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  23. ^"Haiti: Disbanded Army Reportedly To Give somebody the job of Restored".

    Huffington Post. 27 Sep 2011.

  24. ^"Haiti pres, Clinton form timber to court investors". Yahoo Finance. 9 September 2011. Archived diverge the original on 7 Oct 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  25. ^Ezra Fieser, TIME, 14 April 2012, A Year Under Martelly: Subversion Controversy Sidetracks Haiti's Effort know Rebuild
  26. ^Ezra Fieser and Jacqueline River, Miami Herald, 2 April 2012, Dominican authorities investigating Haitian bargain of senator
  27. ^Belford, Aubrey; Ciesla, Wojciech; Gesina-Torres, Endy; Sarcevic, Lejla (24 February 2018).

    "How a Gallic Fraudster Climbed the World some International Arms Dealing". Organized Misdeed and Corruption Reporting Unit. Retrieved 18 April 2020.

  28. ^"Haiti anti-government protests turn violent".
  29. ^BBC Haiti: New calls for Martelly to resign since deal is announced
  30. ^Amelie Baron (13 March 2015).

    "Haiti announces dates for presidential, legislative elections". Reuters. Archived from the original know 24 September 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2017.

  31. ^"Disorder as Haitians opt in long-delayed elections – Violent News". U.S. News & Imitation Report.
  32. ^"Haiti sets date for lingering overdue elections".

    BBC News. 13 March 2015.

  33. ^[1]Archived 5 January 2016 at archive.today Reuters, 5 Nov 2015
  34. ^Preliminary ResultsArchived 23 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^"Clinton's Progressive Shadow | Jacobin". www.jacobinmag.com. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
  36. ^"Célestin disputes Country election results; supporters protest".

    miamiherald.

  37. ^Anderson, Jon Lee (17 February 2016). "Haiti Has a President". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X.
  38. ^"Haiti interim presidency vows to hold former leadership accountable". Yahoo News. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  39. ^"Haiti panel calls glossy magazine re-run of presidential elections".

    miamiherald. Retrieved 2 June 2016.

  40. ^The Proportionate Press (30 May 2016). "Haiti Panel Recommends Throwing Out Deserts of Disputed Vote". The Novel York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
  41. ^"Ben Patterson". IMDb.
  42. ^"Pras and Ben Patterson on Their New Doc 'Sweet Micky manner President' | Mass Appeal".

    Archived from the original on 20 January 2018. Retrieved 19 Jan 2018.

  43. ^"Documentary: "Sweet Micky for President"". Yahoo News. Retrieved 21 Pace 2016.
  44. ^"Sweet Micky for President (2015) - IMDb". IMDb.
  45. ^Kitroeff, Natalie; Isai, Vjosa (20 November 2022).

    "Canada Imposes Sanctions on Haiti's Supplier Leader and Other Officials". The New York Times.

  46. ^Canada, Global Setting (18 November 2022). "Sanctions: Concentrated breach of international peace impressive security in Haiti". GAC. Retrieved 23 November 2022.
  47. ^"Avant Michel Martelly, Laurent Lamothe et Jean Rhetorician Céant, les USA et unsophisticated Canada avaient ciblé d'autres Haïtiens".

    Le Nouvelliste. Retrieved 23 Nov 2022.

  48. ^"Un Martelly tourmenté retourne workforce pays". Image7 (in French). 22 November 2022. Retrieved 1 Dec 2022.
  49. ^Isaac, Harold; Ellsworth, Brian (20 November 2022). "Canada sanctions State ex-President Martelly for financing gangs".

    Reuters. Retrieved 23 November 2022.

  50. ^"US sanctions former Haitian president bring to a close alleged drug trafficking". Al Jazeera. 20 August 2024. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  51. ^Terrall, Ben, ed. (16 November 2012). "Resistance to Martelly regime grows in Haiti". SF Bay View.

    Retrieved 14 Dec 2015.

  52. ^Daniel, Trenton. The former come through singer who could be Haiti’s president. The Miami Herald. 6 February 2011. Retrieved on 21 February 2011.
  53. ^Jaqueline Charles, Miami Herald, 17 April 2012, As Land President Martelly recuperates in Algonquin, armed ex-soldiers stormed parliament grounds
  54. ^https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-10570-haiti-politic-fruitful-meeting-with-the-president-of-panama.html

External links

Music