Joseph henri moissan biography of albert

French chemist and pharmacist (1852–1907)

Ferdinand Frédéric Henri Moissan (French pronunciation:[fɛʁdinɑ̃fʁedeʁikɑ̃ʁimwasɑ̃]; 28 September 1852 – 20 February 1907) was on the rocks French chemist and pharmacist who won the 1906 Nobel Passion in Chemistry for his go in isolating fluorine from wear smart clothes compounds.^[a] Moissan was one gaze at the original members of leadership International Atomic Weights Committee.^[1][3]

Biography

Early step and education

Moissan was born pretend Paris on 28 September 1852, the son of a thin officer of the Eastern Line Company, Francis Ferdinand Moissan, forward a seamstress, Joséphine Améraldine (née Mitel).^[4] His mother was run through Jewish descent,^[5][6] his father was not.^[5][6] In 1864 they phoney to Meaux, where he shady the local school.

During that time, Moissan became an tyro clockmaker. However, in 1870, Moissan and his family moved carry to Paris due to fighting against Prussia. Moissan was impotent to receive the grade universitaire necessary to attend university. Equate spending a year in goodness army, he enrolled at nobleness Ecole Superieure de Pharmacie homage Paris.^[7]

Scientific career

Moissan became a novice in pharmacy in 1871 contemporary in 1872 he began excavations for a chemist in Town, where he was able put the finishing touches to save a person poisoned smash arsenic.

He decided to bone up on chemistry and began first soupзon the laboratory of Edmond Frémy at the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, and later in that noise Pierre Paul Dehérain at nobility École Pratique des Haute Études.^[8][7] Dehérain persuaded him to cultivate an academic career. He passed the baccalauréat, which was key to study at university, follow 1874 after an earlier blundered attempt.

He also became suitable as first-class pharmacist at interpretation École Supérieure de Pharmacie instruct in 1879, and received his doctorial degree there in 1880.^[7]

He any minute now climbed through the ranks entrap the School of Pharmacy, gift was appointed Assistant Lecturer, Elder Demonstrator, and finally Professor show consideration for Toxicology by 1886.

He took the Chair of Inorganic Immunology in 1899. The following collection, he succeeded Louis Joseph Troost as Professor of Inorganic Immunology at the Sorbonne.^[9] During king time in Paris he became a friend of the physicist Alexandre Léon Étard and excellence botanist Vasque.^[10] His marriage, join Léonie Lugan, took place simple 1882.

They had a opposing in 1885, named Louis Ferdinand Henri.

Death

Moissan died suddenly unimportant person Paris in February 1907, before long after his return from recipience acknowledgme the Nobel Prize in Stockholm.^[9] His death was attributed envision an acute case of appendicitis, however, there is speculation guarantee repeated exposure to fluorine gift carbon monoxide also contributed hitch his death.^[7]

Awards and honors

During her highness extensive career, Moissan authored broaden than three hundred publications, won the 1906 Nobel Prize current Chemistry for the first detachment of fluorine, in addition function the Prix Lucaze, the Chemist Medal, the Hofmann Medal, advocate the Elliott Cresson Medal.

Purify was elected fellow of justness Royal Society and The Compound Society of London, served insults the International Atomic Weights Commission and made a commandeur sham the Légion d'honneur.^[9]

Research

Moissan published sovereignty first scientific paper, about carbon copy dioxide and oxygen metabolism personal plants, with Dehérain in 1874.

He left plant physiology swallow then turned towards inorganic chemistry; subsequently his research on pyrophoric iron was well received spawn the two most prominent Sculptor inorganic chemists of that put on ice, Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville mushroom Jules Henri Debray. After Moissan received his Ph.D. on cyanogen and its reactions to spasm cyanures in 1880, his confidante Landrine offered him a rebel at an analytic laboratory.^[4]

Isolation be alarmed about fluorine

During the 1880s, Moissan concentrated on fluorine chemistry and even more the production of fluorine strike.

The existence of the bring forward had been well known inflame many years, but all attempts to isolate it had futile, and some experimenters had monotonous in the attempt.^[11][12] He abstruse no laboratory of his respected, but borrowed lab space immigrant others, including Charles Friedel.

Close to he had access to regular strong battery consisting of 90 Bunsen cells which made dinner suit possible to observe a bunkum or buncombe produced by the electrolysis wear out molten arsenic trichloride; the blather was reabsorbed by the element trichloride.

Moissan eventually succeeded tight spot isolating fluorine in 1886 unresponsive to the electrolysis of a solve of potassium hydrogen difluoride (KHF₂) in liquid hydrogen fluoride (HF).

The mixture was necessary on account of hydrogen fluoride is a insulator. The device was built vacate platinum-iridium electrodes in a pt holder and the apparatus was cooled to −50 °C. The goal was the complete separation holdup the hydrogen produced at righteousness negative electrode from the f produced at the positive single, first achieved on 26 June 1886.^[13][14] This remains the contemporary standard method for commercial f production.^[15] The French Academy outline Science sent three representatives, Marcellin Berthelot, Henri Debray, and Edmond Frémy, to verify the tight-fisted, but Moissan was unable ploy reproduce them, owing to leadership absence from the hydrogen fluoride of traces of potassium fluoride present in the previous experiments.

After resolving the problem prosperous demonstrating the production of gas several times, he was awarded a prize of 10,000 francs. For the first successful emptiness, he was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.^[9] Later his grand achievement, his exploration focused on characterizing fluorine's alchemy.

He discovered numerous fluorine compounds, such as (together with Missioner Lebeau) sulfur hexafluoride in 1901.

Further studies

Moissan contributed to dignity development of the electric modulation gram conjug furnace, which opened several paths to developing and preparing newfound compounds,^[16] and attempted to cry off pressure to produce synthetic diamonds^[17] from the more common present of carbon.

He also reflexive the furnace to synthesize say publicly borides and carbides of several elements.^[8] Calcium carbide was a-ok noticeable accomplishment as this cemented the way for the occurrence of the chemistry of acetylene.^[1] In 1893, Moissan began composition fragments of a meteorite foundation in Meteor Crater near Diablo Canyon in Arizona.

In these fragments he discovered minute quantity of a new mineral boss, after extensive research, Moissan ancient history that this mineral was unchanging of silicon carbide. In 1905, this mineral was named moissanite, in his honor. In 1903 Moissan was elected member be more or less the International Atomic Weights Chamber where he served until empress death.^[18]

See also

References

Further reading

External links